Bibliographie

L'effet des réseaux sociaux chez les jeunes

  1. Haidt, Jonathan. The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness. Penguin Press, 2024.
  2. Keles, Betul, Niall McCrae, and Annmarie Grealish. "A Systematic Review: The Influence of Social Media on Depression, Anxiety and Psychological Distress in Adolescents." International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, vol. 25, no. 1, 2020, pp. 79-93. Taylor & Francis, doi:10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851.
  3. Odgers, Candice L. "The Great Rewiring: Is Social Media Really Behind an Epidemic of Teenage Mental Illness?" Nature, 2024.
  4. Orben, Amy, and Andrew K. Przybylski. "The Association Between Adolescent Well-Being and Digital Technology Use." Nature Human Behaviour, vol. 3, 2019, pp. 173-182.
  5. Keles, Betul, et al. (voir aussi l'archive institutionnelle). "A Systematic Review: The Influence of Social Media on Depression, Anxiety and Psychological Distress in Adolescents." King's College London (KCL Pure), 2020.
  6. Huang, Chunming. "Is Social Network Site Usage Related to Depression? A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies." Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 213, 2017, pp. 73-79. Elsevier.
  7. Riehm, Kira E., et al. "Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms During Early Adolescence." JAMA Network Open, 2025.
  8. [Association anxiété - revue systématique.] "Associations Between Social Media Use and Anxiety Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review." Journal of Adolescent Health, 2024.
  9. Zuboff, Shoshana. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. PublicAffairs, 2019.
  10. Harris, Tristan. "Center for Humane Technology" (ressources, initiatives, podcast Your Undivided Attention). Center for Humane Technology, humanetech.com.En savoir plus
  11. Harris, Tristan. Site officiel (biographie / travaux). TristanHarris.com.En savoir plus
  12. La Presse. Dossier / cahier : "Temps d'écran" (à compléter : titre exact de l'article, date de publication, URL). (Accès direct bloqué à la vérification automatique.)

La technologie de vérification d'âge

  1. Hanaoka, Kayee, et al. Face Analysis Technology Evaluation: Age Estimation and Verification. NIST Interagency Report 8525, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 29 May 2024.
  2. National Institute of Standards and Technology. "Face Analysis Technology Evaluation: Age Estimation and Verification." NIST Publications, 29 May 2024.
  3. Yoti. "Yoti Age Estimation White Paper (September 2024, Public v2)." Yoti Ltd, 2024.
  4. Yoti. "Facial Age Estimation White Paper." Yoti, 21 July 2025.
  5. Yoti. "Yoti Facial Age Estimation Evaluated in the NIST Face Analysis Technology Evaluation Program." Yoti Blog, 2024.
  6. Yoti. "Yoti Facial Age Estimation - Newest Model Evaluation by NIST." Yoti Blog, 5 Feb. 2026.
  7. Castro, Daniel. "AI Could Make Age Verification More Accurate and Less Invasive." Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF), 5 Apr. 2023.
  8. Ofcom. "Guidance on Highly Effective Age Assurance (Online Safety Act 2023)." Ofcom, PDF guidance.
  9. Ofcom. "Age Checks for Online Safety - What You Need to Know as a User." Ofcom, 2025.
  10. k-ID. "How Does k-ID Verify My Age?" k-ID Help Center, 2025.En savoir plus
  11. k-ID. "OpenAge Initiative Introduces AgeKey." k-ID, 2025.En savoir plus
  12. Open Rights Group. "Regulating Age Verification." Open Rights Group, 2025.
  13. [Contrepoints académiques / risques.] "The Folly of AI for Age Verification." arXiv, 2025.

Exemples mondiaux

Australie

  1. Australian Government, Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts. Age Assurance Technology Trial - Final Report. 2025.
  2. Australian Government. Social Media Minimum Age - Fact Sheet (July 2025). infrastructure.gov.au, 2025.
  3. eSafety Commissioner. "Social Media Age Restrictions." Australian Government, 2025.En savoir plus
  4. University of Sydney. "What Is Australia's Under-16 Social Media Ban? The World-First Law Explained." University of Sydney, 5 Dec. 2025.

Brésil

  1. Brasil. Lei No 15.211 (ECA Digital / Estatuto Digital da Criança e do Adolescente). Planalto (Presidência da Republica), 2025.
  2. Agência Senado. "Adultização: Lula Sanciona Estatuto que Protege Criança e Adolescente na Internet." Senado Notícias, 18 Sept. 2025.
  3. Câmara dos Deputados. "Nova Lei Protege Crianças Contra Adultização na Internet." Portal da Câmara, 18 Sept. 2025.
  4. Ministério da Justiça e Segurança Pública (MJSP). "MJSP Divulga Relatório sobre Verificação de Idade na Internet." gov.br, 2026.
  5. Future of Privacy Forum (FPF). Issue Brief: Brazil's Digital ECA. Dec. 2025.

Royaume-Uni

  1. United Kingdom. Online Safety Act 2023. legislation.gov.uk, 2023.
  2. UK Government. "Online Safety Act - Collection." GOV.UK, 2025.
  3. Ofcom. "Guidance on Highly Effective Age Assurance (Online Safety Act 2023)." Ofcom, 2025.